• br Transparency document br Introduction G protein coupled

  2022-10-31

  

  Transparency document Introduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a diverse family of seven transmembrane domain-containing receptors represented by over 800 genes in humans. GPCRs respond to a range of stimuli, including peptides, hormones, growth factors, lipids, odorants, and

• Materials and methods br Results

  2022-10-31

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The BV-tag-based electrochemiluminescence immunoassay is an extremely sensitive assay. It has been employed for detecting analytes present in only picogram quantities (e.g., bacterial toxins [26], NVP-ADW742 [19]), measuring the activity of basic carbo

• Osteoblasts have been thought to be the major cell

  2022-10-31

  

  Osteoblasts have been thought to be the major cell type that expresses RANKL (Suda et al., 1999) which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin (OPG) and which functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. Recently, Nakashima and his colleagues (Nakashima et al., 2011) demonstrated

• At present the role of autophagy in neurons remains

  2022-10-31

  

  At present, the role of autophagy in neurons remains controversial. Autophagy has homeostatic and waste-recycling functions and plays a protective role in neurodegeneration diseases. Moreover, it has been thought as a programmed cell death participating in the occurrence and development of various d

• Consistent with a damaging role for increased LOX activity

  2022-10-31

  

  Consistent with a damaging role for increased 12/15-LOX activity in stroke, systemic administration of the 12/15-LOX inhibitor, LB1, 2 h after permanent focal cerebral ischemia significantly reduced infarct size 24 h after the ischemia, and the treatment group demonstrated improved behavioral and he

• The canonical binding sites to which or contribute are

  2022-10-31

  

  The canonical Neurotensin to which α2, α3, or α5 contribute are highly similar. Therefore, differences in ligand affinity will not be large even if a ligand makes optimal use of the small differences in the pockets. As a possible alternative approach to achieve separation of compound effects, ligand

• Estrogen exerts its genomic action via estrogen nuclear rece

  2022-10-31

  

  Estrogen exerts its genomic action via c75 synthesis nuclear receptor: ERα and ERβ. The distribution of ERα and/or ERβ positive neurons in CNS of different species has been mapped extensively by various methods [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], although there are some diff

• In the pituitary of R quelen mRNA levels

  2022-10-31

  

  In the pituitary of R. quelen mRNA levels of cyp19a1b were found to be higher in males than females, suggesting a sex-specific function, and perhaps a local action to regulate gonadotropins or other pituitary hormone secretion (Olivereau and Callard, 1985; Zhang et al., 2014). Interestingly, the hig

• Long term blood pressure regulation is linked

  2022-10-31

  

  Long term blood pressure regulation is linked to renal function through the mechanisms of pressure natriuresis (Evans et al., 2005), which has been shown to be modulated by the RAS (Hall et al., 1999). Key components of the RAS are expressed throughout the kidney, and are implicated in renal excreto

• The specific functions of ERs

  2022-10-31

  

  The specific functions of ERs and AR underline their crucial roles during different phases of spermatogenesis. Their deregulation could affect numerous downstream targets, thereby, disrupting spermatogenesis and male fertility. Various studies have shown that estrogen-like chemicals in the environme

• Cancer stem cells CSCs may have

  2022-10-27

  

  Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may have been first identified in teratocarcinomas [11], [12], with its initial clues date back to the 19th century [13]. Kleinsmith and Pierce [12] established the immortal pluripotent teratocarcinoma lines from a single transplanted multi-potent malignant cell, strongly su

• agonists simulate norepinephrine NE in binding to presynapti

  2022-10-27

  

  α2 agonists simulate norepinephrine (NE) in binding to presynaptic surface autoreceptors, which in turn mediates feedback inhibition of NE release. Another major control mechanism for noradrenergic neurotransmission is termination of signaling by presynaptic NE transporter (NET)-mediated NE reuptake

• In most industrial areas which are

  2022-10-27

  

  In most industrial areas which are in need of treatment, there are mixtures of different contaminants at different concentrations in soil, underground water or wastewater. These hazardous wastes include a variety of salts, organic matter, heavy metals, trace elements and radioactive compounds [5].Si

• It has been reported that leukotrienes

  2022-10-27

  

  It has been reported that leukotrienes and their receptors, e.g. the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1) may promote Pimozide mg injury (Ding et al., 2007) and that increased 5-LOX expression and activity lead to production of brain-toxic molecules (Khan et al., 2010). However, differential e

• HT receptors are distributed throughout the brain within the

  2022-10-27

  

  5-HT3 receptors are distributed throughout the brain, within the brainstem (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus) and LY2603618 (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen and caudate) (Abi-Dargham et al., 1993, Barnes et al., 1989, Bufton et al

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