• Administration of a fructose rich

  2022-02-22

  

  Administration of a fructose-rich diet to normal rats induces insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, depending on treatment duration [23]. We have shown that development of these abnormalities as well as fat deposit in liver, are effectively prevented by co-administration of

• br Conclusions br Conflicts of Interest br Acknowledgments T

  2022-02-22

  

  Conclusions Conflicts of Interest Acknowledgments The Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine is funded by grants from the Medical Research Council (MRC), Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), an Integrative

• br Introduction The glucagon receptor GCGR

  2022-02-22

  

  Introduction The glucagon receptor (GCGR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed mainly in the liver and kidney. Upon glucagon binding, it activates the stimulatory G protein (Gs) and increases cAMP level, subsequently transducing glucagon signaling involved in glucose, amino acids and lipid m

• To date three GAL subtype receptors have been cloned and

  2022-02-22

  

  To date, three GAL subtype receptors have been cloned and characterized, GALR1, GALR2 and GALR3. However, it is unknown which one(s) of the three subtype receptors in Harringtonine is most effective to regulate insulin resistance in diabetic rats as yet. Recent studies fromanimalmodels of diabetes a

• Target regulated the formation of

  2022-02-22

  

  Target-regulated the formation of G-quadruplex was used here to “kill two 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol with one stone” for the detection of melamine and I− with one probe DNA. G-quadruplexes are higher-order structures formed from G-rich oligonucleotides through the stacking of planar G-tetrads [43,4

• br Author contributions br Conflict of interests br Acknowle

  2022-02-21

  

  Author contributions Conflict of interests Acknowledgements This work was supported by NIH grant DK098730 to NHM. Free fatty acids play important roles in biological processes contributing to both health and disease. As essential nutritional components, free fatty acids are utilized as b

• First identified in as the

  2022-02-21

  

  First identified in 1982 as the second mammalian glutathione peroxidase [23], we and Stockwell's group demonstrated in 2014 that the selenoperoxidase GPX4 is the key upstream regulator of ferroptosis [12], [13]. The role of GPX4 as the main regulator in the ferroptotic process is based on its unique

• Receptor activator of NF B ligand RANKL and macrophage colon

  2022-02-21

  

  Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) stimulate the generation of osteoclast Riboflavin receptor [10], [11], [12], [13]. In response to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling, osteoclasts then attach to regions of bone undergoing resorption [14

• Nazar and colleagues reported a

  2022-02-21

  

  Nazar and colleagues reported a normal HER2 gene number in 13 primary and 2 recurrent ethmoid sinus adenocarcinomas, without any histological and immunohistochemical characterization, so a comparison with the present findings is impossible [14]. More recently, 552 head and neck carcinomas have been

• Receptor guanylyl cyclases play essential roles in cardiovas

  2022-02-21

  

  Receptor guanylyl cyclases play essential roles in cardiovascular and gastrointestinal (patho-)physiology, reproduction biology, cell proliferation, bone growth and sensory signal transduction and, therefore, are important pharmacological targets. Accordingly, the receptor guanylyl cyclase agonists

• DMOG The identity of organelles is

  2022-02-21

  

  The identity of organelles is defined by a particular set of molecules present on their surface. Most organelles in the endomembrane system (i.e., endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes) carry Rab GTPases (hereafter referred to as Rabs), which serve as binding platforms for

• Earlier we have shown relationship between

  2022-02-21

  

  Earlier, we have shown relationship between cytotoxicity and receptor degeneration in 4-HQN having specific neurotransmitter receptors (Siddiqui et al., 2008). In the present study, exposure to 4-HNE reduced expression of DA-D2 receptors in PC12 cells which was found to be concentration dependent a

• The fact that GSK recognition of its substrate involves

  2022-02-21

  

  The fact that GSK-3 recognition of its substrate involves pre-phosphorylation supports the rational for using synthetic phosphorylated peptides as substrate competitive inhibitors [57]. Phosphorylated peptides derived from the N-terminal pseudosubstrate sequence of GSK-3β were very weak inhibitors o

• br TGR agonists current developments and future

  2022-02-21

  

  TGR5 agonists: current developments and future landscape The amphipathic nature of bile acids is crucial in aiding the digestion and Dihydroartemisinin of vitamins and fats. With the emerging roles of bile acids in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis through TGR5, the pharmaceutical

• Thyroid hormone triiodothyronine T and

  2022-02-21

  

  Thyroid hormone 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and its precursor, thyroxine (T4), are iodinated compounds, which are known to regulate the expression of genes involved in various biological processes, such as development, growth and metabolic control. The iodothyronine deiodinase types I, II and III (

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