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Our current knowledge on autophagy
2024-10-25
Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates it into three types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy mainly involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic contents in a double-walled membrane followed by the fusion with the lysosomes. The lysosom
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Our results suggest that plasma membrane and a containing
2024-10-25
Our results suggest that plasma membrane and a3-containing V-ATPases represent an important and novel target in the development of drugs to limit breast cancer metastasis. That knock-down of a3 has been shown to reduce metastasis of melanoma cells in an in vivo mouse model suggests that this role ma
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br Introduction Melatonin N acetyl methoxytryptamine
2024-10-25
Introduction Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a neurohormone which is mainly secreted from the pineal gland. Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule present not only in vertebrates but also in nonvertebrates such as bacteria, protists, fungi, macroalgae, and plants (Cecon et al., 2017
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For the TSH receptor signaling at the Golgi
2024-10-25
For the TSH receptor, signaling at the Golgi/trans-Golgi network appears required for both rapid effects of TSH − such as HET0016 sale depolymerization, which is implicated in thyroglobulin reuptake and, thus, thyroid hormone release − and late ones, such as those on gene transcription. Continued s
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From an historical perspective ligands for
2024-10-25
From an historical perspective, ligands for GPCRs (adrenaline, serotonin, Dacarbazine or morphine, to name a few) have been identified before their receptor counterparts, at a time when the concept of receptor itself was controversial [15]. Although many cognate receptors for endogenous ligands wer
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Besides above mentioned UV visible and fluorescence spectros
2024-10-25
Besides above-mentioned UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy methods, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, the only analytical method that detect compounds having unpaired electrons known as free radicals, was rarely used in antioxidant capacity measurement (Amarowicz et al., 2004
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Various antiangiogenic drugs have been analyzed over
2024-10-25
Various antiangiogenic drugs have been analyzed over the last few years; noteworthy, bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A, alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents showed interesting results in terms of radiographic response rates and progression-free survival in initial phase 2 st
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wst-1 br Removal of therapeutic doses of
2024-10-25
Removal of therapeutic doses of wst-1 from Marek’s Disease Vaccines The impact of this change seems to vary widely among operations, probably dependent on the pre-existing quality of hatching egg production, hatchery sanitation, hatchery management, and brooding management. Increases in 7-day mo
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On the other hand oxygen concentration in
2024-10-25
On the other hand, oxygen concentration in tumor tissue also depends on its consumption rate by tumor cells, which decrease will also lead to alleviation of hypoxia. This fact is not taken into account in the majority of studies on the topic, although it is well-known that antiangiogenic therapy doe
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br Acknowledgments br Introduction Amyloid deposit formation
2024-10-25
Acknowledgments Introduction Amyloid deposit formation is defined by the aggregation of β-sheeted forms of proteins that appear as starch-like amorphous material [1], [2]. Using a Kongo red stain, amyloids show birefringence behavior and an apple-green to reddish multicolor emission. Extracere
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Evidence shows that glial activation
2024-10-25
Evidence shows that glial activation increases the expression of cytokines and chemokines in Parkinson's disease, which precede the degeneration of the substance nigra (Halliday and Stevens, 2011, Tansey and Goldberg, 2010). The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (except aspirin) can preve
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br LO synaptic integrity and
2024-10-25
12/15LO, synaptic integrity, and memory Interestingly, several groups have found that 12/15LO directly modulates synaptic function. Normandin and colleagues reported that pharmacological inhibition of 12/15LO modulates rat hippocampal long-term depression (LTD), a process by which neuronal synapt
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br Stress glucocorticoids as risk factor
2024-10-25
Stress/glucocorticoids as risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: preclinical studies A role for glucocorticoids in shaping the risk for AD is supported by animal studies using rats or mice injected with Aβ oligomers, tau protein or excitotoxins, or transgenic (Tg) mice carrying mutations associated
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br Introduction Several studies have found that
2024-10-25
Introduction Several studies have found that hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling pathways play critical roles in the regulation of food intake and GW1929 metabolism in mammals [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]]. Central injections of the inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3- kinases (PI3 K, an upstream r
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Until now there are no
2024-10-24
Until now, there are no report regarding the relationship of CD21 and MG. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the AchR specified AG957 and investigated the role of CD21 in immunopathogenesis of MG. We utilized the Allophycocyanin (APC)-conjugated AchR to measure the frequencies of AchR sp
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